Stress and Tone Difference between Phonetics and Phonology

Define stress and tone. [NU-‘12,‘16]

Stress: The pronunciation of a word or syllable with more force than the rest of the words or syllables is called stress. The nature of stress is simple enough.

Practically, we all would agree that the first syllable of the word ‘mother’, the middle syllable of the word ‘department’ and the last syllable of the word ‘guarantee’ receive more stress while the other syllables do not.

Thus, we feel and know the differences between a stressed and an unstressed syllable.

Tone: A tone is a syllable which stands out because it initiates a contrast in pitch level or direction. In other words, tone is the height of pitch and change of pitch which is associated with the pronunciation of syllable or words and which affects the meaning of the word.

Tone can be ‘level’ or ‘moving’. In intonation, tone has three possibilities. These are:

Level – Yes – No

Falling \ Yes \ No

Rising / Yes / No

 

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What is the difference between phonetics and phonology? [NU-‘15]

 

 Phonetics: The scientific study of speech sound is called phonetics. It is the branch of linguistics which deals with the production, description and representation of speech sounds by written symbols. It deals with voiced and voiceless sounds, vibration in glottis, nasal and oral sound, tongue movement and so on. 

Phonology: Phonology is concerned with the abstract grammatical characterization of systems of sounds or signs. It deals with systems of sound in a particular language, particularly the system of relationships among the speech sounds that constitute the fundamental components of a language. In other words, it deals with the patterns in speech sound of a particular language phoneme, phone, allophone, minimal pair, distinctive, non-distinctive, overlapping and so on. It studies how sound function in a language.

However, phonology deals with the system and structure of speech while phonetics focus more narrowly on articulation and acoustics.

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